Africa+and+Africans+in+the+Age+of+the+Slave+Trade

Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade (transferred from my written notes)

__﻿Alantic Slave Trade__: (Before Subtitle Section) Main Idea : There was a strong trade between Africa and Portugal along the African coast, such as Cape of Good Hope, which constinantly traded slaves for spices, ivory, animal skins, and etc. Details:
 * 435 - 440 Notes **
 * Portugal pushed down African coast --> reach Cape of Good Hope (1487)
 * established factories (forts+ trading posts w/ resident merchants)
 * most important: El Mina
 * forts established w/ rules (local)
 * African acquired goods from Portugal (slaves <> ivory, pepper, animal skins, gold)
 * Portugal later traded w/ Mali and Songhay --> African trade based on relationship w/ them
 * ruler Nzinga Mvemba (r.1507-1543) [w/ help of missionaries] brought kingdom to Christianity
 * attempts madew to "Europeanize" the kingdom
 * Luanda: more permannant settlement --> 1570s w/ the foundation of Luanda on the coast

__ Trench toward Expansion __ Main Idea : Slave trade expanded because of different industries, such as sugar, expanding in the Americas, which led for the need of more labor, which led to forms of slavery arising. Details:
 * mortality rate: 10 or 20% on ships = 10-11 million Africans --> America
 * slaves neede for labor --> slave owners/slave: mortality went up, fertility rate dropped
 * way of expanding more= export more, import less
 * slave trade = diminsions varied --> reflects economic/political situation in Americas
 * 1530-1650: Spanish America and Brazil recieved majority of Africa slaves--> English/France = b/c of major growing sugar
 * west central africa --> major suppliers

__ Demographic Patterns __ Main Idea: There were demographic impacts of slave trade in west and central Africa, slaves were divided men for the hard labor, and women and young kids for the domestic services. Details: __ Organization of Trade __ Main Idea : While colonies were being set up by Englan, Spain, and Portugal previously, now England set up colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia, with the establish of the Royal African Company. Details :
 * demographic impacts on @ least certain parts of west and central Africa
 * 1850: $25 million --> about 1/2 = slave trade
 * as trade (Atlantic) developed --> new crops introduced
 * majority of trans-Saharan slave trade --> women = comcibome amd domestic services in north Africa and Middle East
 * not eager to buy children because of high death rate
 * women/kids --> better for domestic services
 * pattern of contact/trade: established by the Portugal @ 1st --> followed by Euro on African coast
 * until 1630--> Portuguese controlled most of coastal trade + were the najor suppliers of their own colony of Brazil + Spainish settlements in America
 * Royal African Company : chartered b/w English due to eagerness of their growing colonies: Barbados, Jamaica, Virginia

__ Slaving and African Politics __ Main Idea: ﻿ Slave trade in the Atlantic had a strong impact on African American's social statuses, while it emerged powerful states in West Africa, but slavery impacts lasted for a very long time after that. Detail:
 * 440 - 448 Notes **
 * African Societies, Slavery, and Slave Trade **
 * slavery was justified by already existing in some forms
 * servitude developed in all societies --> "property w/ a soul" (ex: from western europe: serfdom)


 * 448 - 454 Notes **