Russia,+Japan,+and+the+West


 * Russia **

-what was it: it was a revolt of western-oriented army oficers (1825) -cause: increasing censored intellectual who tried to incorporate liberal or radical political values -effect: inspired the new tsar (Nicholas I) to still more adamant conservatism, secret police expanded, and repression of political opponent stiffened
 * 1. What was the Decemberist uprising? What were its causes and effects? **

-fall behind trade and economy -landlords took advantage of markets
 * 2. What were the weaknesses of the Russian economy? **

-CAUSE: the widening gap between Russia and the West -EFFECTS: distrubed Russia leaderships, Russia lost the war (due to the West's tactics)
 * 3. What caused the Crimean War? what were its major effects? **

-compared to the U.S --> more generoud than the liberation of slaves (U.S) -artistocrats retain land - serfs: recieved freedom
 * 4. Why were serfs emancipated? how did their emancipation differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S.? What changes did it create? **

- local political consils- had a voice regulating roads, schools, and other regional policies. -gave middle class inquire to important local issues
 * 5 What were the Zemstvoes? How successful were they? **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-connected European Russia with the Pacific - big advancement and achievement
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6. What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad? **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-enacted high tariffs to protect new Russian industry <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-improved banking system <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-encouraged Western investors to build great factories with advanced technology
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7. What economic reforms were enacted by Sergei Witte **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-economic change and greater population mobility it involved encouraged moniority nationalities to make demands of the great empire <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-social protests were vigorous - not only by the limitions of reform by the industrialism <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-peasants resented redemption payments and taxed (which resulted them to accually steal and burn the records that showed how much they owe) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-intelligentsia (a group of radicals) - Russian term for aartculate intellectuals as a class = began to become very active <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-anarchists (radicals) - sought to abolish formal government = form of revolt
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8. What were the signs that Russia was headed to revolution? (think about - intelligentsia, anarchists, Marxists, Bolsheviks.) **


 * Japan: Transformation without Revolution **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**1. Explain major developments in Japan in the early 1800's** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-shogunate continued to combine a central bureaucracy with semifeudal alliances between regional daimyos and samurai <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-repeatable having finanical problems with the government <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-interlectual/cultural life developed under the Tokugawa regime <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-neo-confucianism con't to gain among the ruling elite at the expense of Buddhism <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-gradually became more secular -tradional and conformist groups began to divide -economy first expanded then slowed

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**2. What effect did the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan? (include details on Samurai discontent)** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-won the right to station an American consul in Japan <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-which opened two ports to commerce, hence opening Japan up to trade...removing them from their isolation -Samurai opponenents of the bureacacy appealed to the emperor, who was just starting to emerge from his confinent of a religious figure - civil war broke out in 1866 -used American weapons

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-key samurai leaders managed to put down troops of shogunate <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-set out to abolish feudalism --> replacing the daimyos in 1871 with a system of nationally appointed perfects <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-political power were effectively centralized - from the base of the Meiji <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-sent samurai officals to other nations (i.e western Europe and the U.S) to study economics and political instiutions and tecnology and political instiutions <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-fundmental improvements in gov't finances -Sent samaurai to other countries -most Samaurai became poor due to the tax -conservative nobility and reorganzied the bureaucracy
 * 3. List the actions taken by the Meiji State **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**4. Explain how Japan Industrialized - (Private and government roles)** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-army improved by formal officers training and upgrading armaments according to the "western" standards <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-new gov't banks funded growing trade and providing capital for industry <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-railroad built and expanding country

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**5. List ways that Industrialization changed Japan** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-now that the were open to commerce - they were connected more with the world in trade...other country now could get their goods = better economy for them <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-their indrustries grew because now gov't banks were funding trade and industry

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**6. What division within Japanese society were created by modernization?** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- modernaztion (achievements) had its costs (including poor living standards in crowded cities) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-disputes between generations (the arguements been clinging to old tradition --> young = more interest in Western ideals) = created troubled society and stressed the authority of parentals <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- tension in political life (political parties in Japan's parliament clashed with the emperor's ministers over rights to determine policy <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-gov't often disolved and called for new elections