Ottoman+and+Mughal+Empires

1. Mughal Empire ESPIRIT (written, will be put up soon)


 * ** E ** CONOMY || **Main Idea**: ||
 * ** S ** OCIAL || **Ma****in Idea**: ||
 * ** P ** OLITICAL || **Main Idea**: ||
 * ** I ** NTERACTIONS AND TRADE || **Main Idea**: ||
 * ** R ** ELIGION || **Main Idea**: ||
 * ** I ** NTERLECUAL AND CULTURAL || **Main Idea**: ||
 * ** T ** ECHNOLOGY || **Main Idea**: ||

2. Ottoman Empire ESPIRIT

-Ottoman economy geared to warfare and expansion -trade built there economy up with the Constantinople (center) --> offering many products from other nations and also having travelers from many different parts of the world -geared to warfare and expansion in main idea || and influecne during this time, while the Janissaries expanded due to parents give their teen age sons up because of the opportunity at a better education, and Janissaries became important to Ottoman success. -military leaders played a dominant role in the Ottoman state --> later developed into a warrior aristocracy --> granted control over and and peasants produced in annexed areas for the support of their household and military retainers -fought with religious leaders and administrators over control of Ottomans bureaucracy --> warrior class built regional and local bases of support. -imperial army = increasing dominated by infantry divisions ( made of troops called Janissaries )--> most were conscripted as young teens/adolescent boys where the majority of population retained its Christian faith -some parents acually were willing to hand over their children to recuiters because of the opportunities = schooling (also converted to Islam) - || later gained control of the political influence in the court, which meant determining the throne and such. -mainly monarchies, powerful sultans maintained his position by playing factotions of the warrior elite off each other and pitting the warrior as a whole against janissaries and other groups -Ottoman = bureaucracy --> control fought for by the warrior class and the religious leaders and administraters - Janissaries tried to convert military services to political influence --> by 15th century they were involved in court politics --> which by 16th century they had to power to despose sultans and decide whone of a dying ruler's sons would mount the throne || AND TRADE || MAIN IDEA: Constantinople was the center of trade and interaction with other countries through trade and travelers, but the Ottoman Empire was one for expanding constantly to other nations, such as into the eastern Mediterranean, heading toward the Black and Red Sea, and such. - Constantinople: conquered by Mehmed II – that was the once powerful Byzantine Empire whom they had shifted alliance and warfare relationship. -extended into Syria and Egypt after conquering Constantinople -empire spread through Balkans into Hungary in Europe and around the Black and Red sea. -Ottoman armies drove the Venetians and Genoese from most the eastern Mediterranean and even dared to threaten southern Italy (in seven invasions) -Ottoman powerful fleets made it possible for them to attack island (such as Rhodes, Crete, and Cyprus) -late 1683: armies were able to lay siege to the captial of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty @ Vienna --> but the empire was in decline during this time -remained a major force in European politicss until late 19th century -imperial army = increasing dominated by infantry divisions ( made of troops called Janissaries )--> most were conscripted as young teens/adolescent boys where the majority of population retained its Christian faith -some parents acually were willing to hand over their children to recuiters because of the opportunities = schooling (also converted to Islam) -their bazaars offered produce, from spices from west indies and ivory of africa to slaves, + fine rugs from Persia, to products from Russia - ﻿ || all their recruites to islam. - majority of the population retained the Christian faith -religious composition: sunni muslim, significant jewish and christian minoities (pg. 475) -the Janissaries converted the recuited young males to Islam || AND CULTURAL || **MAIN IDEA**: The interlecual and cultural aspects of the Ottoman Empire were based on the center of Constantinople, where there a lot of trade and market bazaars, and in addition coffeehouses brought men together to socialize, while all of this mosques and other building/gardens were being added to add beauty to the city. - Turkic-speaking people from central Asia -ideals from previous Muslim empires – in welfare, architecture, and engineering -named Ottoman after earlier leader Osman - capital at Constantinople--> flourished w/ many elements -Ottoman ruler set to restore glory --> he had the catherdral of Saint Sophia converted into one of the grandest mosques + he had mosques and palaces built thru out the city => construction was great advancement in achitectural -in addition to the mosques, sultans and powerfuladministrators built mansions, rest houses, religious schools, and hospitals -both public/private gardens beautified the city -writers compared it to paradise -harbor: **Golden Horn** - triangluar bay which formed northern bourdaries -the great bazaars were filled w/ merchants + travelers from as distant as Europe and Malaya -**coffeehouses**: places were men gathered to smoke tobacco, gossip, do business, and play chess --> important part of cultual life || the firearms and artillery, they were able to become a very powerful nation and conquer lands, such as Constantinople. -Janissaries used mainly artillery and firearms --> and this was an increasingly vital to Ottoman success || 3. Safavid (ESPIRIT)
 * ** E ** CONOMY || MAIN IDEA: The economy of the Ottoman Empire was based on trade and exchange between them and other nations centered in the Constaninople city center.
 * ** S ** OCIAL || MAIN IDEA: The social statuses of people were determined into the warrior class, the Janissaries, and religious order, but the warrior class gained much power
 * ** P ** OLITICAL || MAIN IDEA: The political aspects of Ottoman's bureaucracy was fought for control between the classes of warrior and religion, but the Janissaries
 * ** I ** NTERACTIONS
 * Interactions: **
 * Trade: **
 * ** R ** ELIGION || MAIN IDEA: The religion was sunni Muslim, while there was also jewish and christian minorities present, but the janissaries converted
 * ** I ** NTERLECUAL
 * ** T ** ECHNOLOGY || **MAIN IDEA**: The Ottoman technology was basically used for advancement in expansion of their conquered territories dues to